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目的探讨婴幼儿ABO血型正反定型相符率及IgM型抗体产生情况。方法采用微柱凝胶法对456例婴幼儿血标本进行ABO血型正反定型,对正反定型不相符者再采用增强试管法进行IgM型抗体对比检测,观察IgM型抗体的凝集强度及效价。结果在456例婴幼儿血标本中,ABO血型正反定型相符率为79.4%(362/456),其中年龄1个月以内患儿的相符率为66.2%(96/145),2~6个月患儿的相符率为74.5%(102/137),7~12个月患儿的相符率为91.9%(114/124),13~24个月患儿的相符率为100%(50/50)。微柱凝胶法对婴幼儿血清IgM型抗体检出率为79.5%(329/414),增强试管法检出率为93.2%(386/414)。抗体凝集强度为±~2+,抗体效价为1∶2~1∶8。结论部分6个月以内的婴幼儿IgM型抗体尚未产生或效价很低,常规方法容易漏检,是引起ABO血型正反定型不相符的主要原因,采用增强试管法可提高对婴幼儿血清IgM型抗体的检出率。
Objective To investigate the consistent rate of positive and negative typing of ABO blood group and the production of IgM antibody in infants. Methods The blood samples of 456 infants and young children were analyzed by positive column and negative column with the method of microcolumn gel, and the IgM antibody was detected by enhanced tube method in the case of incompatible positive and negative stereotypes. The agglutination intensity and titer of IgM antibody were observed . Results Among 456 infants and young children, the coincidence rate of positive and negative typing of ABO was 79.4% (362/456). Among them, 66.2% (96/145) and 2 ~ 6 The coincidence rate was 74.5% (102/137) in children and 91.9% (114/124) in children aged 7-12 months. The coincidence rate of children in 13-24 months was 100% (50 / 50). The detection rate of IgM antibody in infant serum by microcolumn gel method was 79.5% (329/414), and the enhanced test tube method was 93.2% (386/414). The agglutination intensity of antibody is ± 2 +, and the antibody titer is 1: 2 ~ 1: 8. Conclusion Some IgM antibodies in infants and young children within 6 months have not yet been produced or their titer is very low. The conventional method is easy to undetectable, which is the main reason for inconsistent ABO blood group positive and negative stereotypes. Using enhanced test tube method can improve the serum IgM Type antibody detection rate.