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目的了解哈尔滨市预防接种服务管理的现状和存在问题,为今后哈尔滨市开展规范化、标准化预防接种服务工作提供数据支持。方法采用问卷式调查表的方式,对全市305家社区卫生服务中心(乡镇卫生院)的预防接种门诊及其预防接种人员开展现况调查。结果全市共305家预防接种单位,门诊类别以城镇/社区(37.7%)和乡镇卫生院(59.34%)为主,门诊级别以甲级规范化预防接种门诊(74.75%)为主,绝大多数预防接种单位实行集中接种,并且承担如卫生监督等其他公共卫生服务工作。全市预防接种人员共有2 025人,以接种人员(47.95%)为主;年龄结构较为均衡,学历和职称普遍较低,以护士(36.3%)最多;工作年限分布比较均匀;计算机操作水平近年有所提升。全市预防接种单位的工作经费来源主要以财政拨款和公共卫生服务包干为主;冷链设备基本能够保证冷链的正常运转;信息化工作顺利开展;知情同意书合理使用,二类疫苗管理规范。结论建议加大经费投入,加快规范化预防接种门诊建设;切实改善预防接种门诊环境,提高预防接种人员整体素质;提升预防接种信息化建设,强化疫苗管理。
Objective To understand the current status and existing problems of vaccination service management in Harbin and provide data support for the standardized and standardized vaccination services in Harbin. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the current situation of vaccination clinics and vaccination personnel in 305 community health service centers (township hospitals) in the city. Results There were 305 vaccination units in the city. The out-patient categories were mainly urban / community (37.7%) and township hospitals (59.34%). Outpatient level consisted of Grade A standardized vaccination clinics (74.75%), with the majority of prevention Vaccination units implement centralized vaccination and undertake other public health services such as health supervision. A total of 2 025 inoculation workers were employed in the city, with 47.95 percent of them being vaccinated. The age structure was more balanced with lower academic and vocational titles, with the highest number of nurses (36.3%), more evenly distributed working years, and computer operations in recent years Promoted. The funding sources for the work of vaccination units in the city mainly include financial appropriations and public health service packs; the cold chain equipment can basically guarantee the normal operation of the cold chain; the informatization work is carried out smoothly; the informed consent form is used rationally; and the second category is the vaccine management standard. Conclusions It is suggested to increase funding, speed up the construction of standardized outpatient vaccination clinics, effectively improve the vaccination clinic environment and improve the overall quality of vaccination personnel, enhance the construction of vaccination information and strengthen the vaccine management.