托物言志散文共同的特征主要有三个:1.从写作对象上看,多为咏物式;2.从思想内涵上看,多属寄寓性;3.从写作技法上看,多用象征手法。我根据散文“形”与“神”的关系而言,把托物言志散文分为以下三种类型。一、众星捧月型。“星”即作者选取的材料,“月”即作者要表达的中心思想, There are three common characteristics of the propaganda of propaganda and loyalty: 1. From the point of view of writing objects, there are many types of objects; 2. From the point of view of ideological connotation, most of them are sentimental; 3. From the perspective of writing techniques, there are many symbolic tactics. . According to the relationship between prose “form” and “god”, I divided propaganda and prose prose into the following three types. One, Zhongxingpengyue type. The “star” is the material chosen by the author, and “month” is the central idea that the author wants to express.