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随着人类社会的发展,人类对灾害的理解发生了很大的变化,灾害范式也在不断的演进,可以归纳为:荒政范式、工程范式、行为范式、社会范式和可持续范式5种灾害范式。通过分析这些灾害范式形成的社会历史背景、灾害的基本观点、关注的主要问题以及减灾防灾的主要对策和措施,得出以下结论:1在人类社会历史进程中,人们对灾害的认识和理解是逐步深化和发展的;2灾害范式与减灾实践的发展是互动生成的;3范式的产生与转变都有深刻的社会动因;4一定时期,存在一定的主流灾害范式,但其他灾害范式的影响依然存在。
With the development of human society, human understanding of disasters has undergone great changes. Disaster paradigms are also constantly evolving, which can be summarized as five kinds of disasters: paradoxes, engineering paradigms, behavioral paradigms, social paradigms and sustainable paradigms Paradigm. By analyzing the social and historical backgrounds, the basic disasters, the main concerns and the main countermeasures and measures for disaster prevention and mitigation, we can draw the following conclusions: 1 In the historical process of human society, people’s understanding and understanding of disasters Is gradually deepening and developing. 2 Disaster paradigm is interactively developed with the development of disaster reduction practices. 3 The generation and transformation of 3 paradigms have profound social motivation. 4 In a certain period, there are some mainstream disaster paradigms, but the impact of other disaster paradigms Still exist.