出生于俄罗斯的巴赫金和雅各布森都是著名的言语理论家,但其理论观点却并不相似,巴赫金以对话理论而闻名于世,雅各布森则致力于独白研究,然而,在日常生活中巴赫金并不比在书本中更多地寻找对话;雅各布森则以对话、交往补充他的独白的和物化的言语和文学观。了解他们所处的社会历史环境和个人生活命运也是研究其思想时不可忽视的因素。 Bakhtin and Jacobson who were born in Russia are both well-known speech theorists. However, their theoretical points of view are not similar. Bakhtin is famous for his dialogue theory and Jacobson is devoted to monologue research. However, In everyday life, Bakhtin does not seek more dialogue than in books; Jacobson complements his monologue and materialized words and literary concepts through dialogue and interaction. Understanding the social and historical context in which they live and the destiny of personal life are also factors that can not be ignored in the study of their thinking.