九一八事变之后,日本扩张分子又在上海挑起事端,以压迫中国的抗日运动。虽然上海事变看似偶然,其实为日本对外扩张政策的必然表现。中国国内存在着各种各样的地方性割据势力,蒋介石主导的南京国民政府难以全力抵抗日本对上海的侵略。但十九路军和第五军英勇战斗的精神,显示了中华民族捍卫独立的决心。美英等西方大国为维护其在华利益而积极斡旋中日停战。上海事变让越来越多的中国人意识到日本的威胁,对中国现代民族国家的建构具有重要影响。 After the Incident of September 18, Japanese expansionists provoked incidents in Shanghai to oppress China’s anti-Japanese movement. Although the Shanghai incident may seem accidental, it is actually an inevitable manifestation of Japan’s policy of foreign expansion. There are various kinds of local separatist forces in China, and it is difficult for the Nanjing National Government led by Chiang Kai-shek to fully resist Japan’s aggression against Shanghai. However, the spirit of the heroic fighting between the Route Nine Route Army and the Fifth Army shows the determination of the Chinese nation to safeguard its independence. The United States and Britain and other major western countries have actively used their efforts to maintain the cease-fire between China and Japan in safeguarding their interests in China. The Shanghai Incident Let More and More Chinese Conscious of the Threat of Japan Have an Important Influence on the Construction of China’s Modern Nation-State.