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目的结合职业卫生和环境卫生PM2.5采样方法,对某露天铁矿工作环境中的PM2.5浓度和总粉尘浓度进行检测,探讨露天铁矿工作环境中的总粉尘浓度和PM2.5浓度关系。对露天铁矿接尘工人进行PM2.5暴露评估,探讨工作环境下PM2.5检测的重要性。方法于2014年10月—2015年1月,以某露天铁矿采矿、选矿、筛分车间为研究现场,在该露天铁矿各车间内设置采样点,进行PM2.5和总粉尘的检测,了解其工作环境下的总粉尘和PM2.5浓度。同时对各工种工人的时间—活动模式进行调查。评价各工种工人的PM2.5暴露剂量和潜在暴露剂量。结果该露天铁矿工作环境下总粉尘浓度定点采样超标率为85.7%(职业卫生标准),PM2.5超标率为100%(环境卫生标准),属于重度污染。接尘工人8hTWA总粉尘浓度、PM2.5浓度、暴露剂量、潜在暴露剂量分别为皮带工(3.086±0.690)mg/m~3、(1.004±0.087)mg/m~3、(7.826±1.815)mg/(m~3·h)、(12.055±1.044)mg,破碎工(1.966±0.235)mg/m~3、(1.089±0.170)mg/m~3、(7.588±2.237)mg/(m~3·h)、(13.078±2.048)mg,筛分工(1.255±0.133mg/m~3、(1.171±0.359)mg/m~3、(8.891±1.549)mg/(m~3·h)、(14.061±4.310)mg,牙轮钻司机(1.226±0.292)mg/m~3、(0.456±0.130)mg/m~3、(2.417±0.689)mg/(m~3·h)、(3.189±1.413)mg。工作环境下的8hTWA PM2.5浓度占总粉尘浓度的44.8%。结论某露天铁矿工作环境下中PM2.5水平污染严重,劳动者属于高PM2.5暴露,应针对露天铁矿工作环境建立和完善PM2.5细颗粒物监测技术方法和评价标准。
Objective To detect PM2.5 concentration and total dust concentration in the working environment of an open-pit iron mine by combining PM2.5 sampling method of occupational health and environmental health and to explore the relationship between total dust concentration and PM2.5 concentration in the working environment of the open-pit iron mine . PM2.5 exposed workers exposed to open-pit iron mine assessment of exposure to explore the importance of PM2.5 detection under the working environment. Methods From October 2014 to January 2015, taking the mining, beneficiation and screening workshops of a certain open-pit iron ore as the research site, sampling points were set up in each of the open-pit iron mines for PM2.5 and total dust detection. Understand the total dust and PM2.5 concentration in their working environment. At the same time on all types of workers time-activity model for investigation. Evaluate the PM2.5 exposure dose and potential exposure dose for each type of worker. Results The over-standard rate of total dust concentration in open-pit iron mine was 85.7% (occupational health standard) and 100% of PM2.5 exceeded standard (environmental health standard), which was a serious pollution. The total dust concentration, PM2.5 concentration, exposure dose and potential exposure dose of 8hTWA workers exposed to dust were respectively (3.086 ± 0.690) mg / m 3, (1.004 ± 0.087) mg / m 3, (7.826 ± 1.815) (m ^ 3 · h), (12.055 ± 1.044) mg, broken workers (1.966 ± 0.235) mg / m 3, (1.089 ± 0.170) mg / m 3 and (7.588 ± 2.237) mg / ~ (13.178 ± 2.048) mg, (1.255 ± 0.133 mg / m ~ 3, (1.171 ± 0.359) mg / m ~ 3 and (8.891 ± 1.549) mg / (m ~ 3 · h) , (14.061 ± 4.310) mg and (1.226 ± 0.292) mg / m 3, (0.456 ± 0.130) mg / m 3 and (2.417 ± 0.689) mg / (m 3 · h) 3.189 ± 1.413) mg. The concentration of 8hTWA PM2.5 in working environment accounted for 44.8% of the total dust concentration.Conclusion The pollution of PM2.5 in the working environment of an open-pit iron mine is serious, and the workers belong to the high PM2.5 exposure, Opencast iron mine working environment to establish and improve PM2.5 fine particulate monitoring techniques and evaluation criteria.