1.前言元素周期表中ⅢB族元素,即在原子序数57号至71号的镧系元素中加上同是ⅢB族的钪和钇共十七种元素,一般统称为稀土元素。1794年芬兰化学家Johan Gadolin从叫做Ytterbite的矿石中分离出一种新物质,将其命名为”稀有“(Rare)的”土”(Earth),从此稀土元素遂开始与人类历史发生联系。发现的最初曾认为是由一种元素组成的,后来科学工作者们经过了近一个多世纪的努力,不仅成功地分离出各种稀土元素,而且 1. Preface Ⅲ B group elements in the periodic table, that is, in the atomic number 57 to 71 lanthanides added with the same group Ⅲ B scandium and yttrium a total of seventeen kinds of elements, generally referred to as rare earth elements. In 1794, the Finnish chemist Johan Gadolin isolated a new substance from the ore called Ytterbite and named it "Rare Earth, from which rare earth elements began to relate to human history. The discovery was originally thought to be composed of an element, and later scientists after more than a century of effort, not only the successful separation of various rare earth elements, and