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先秦两汉时期,“鹜”指家鸭,“凫”指野鸭,“匹”偶见;“鸭”在魏晋之际见诸文献,专指家鸭,至迟到北魏时已经替换了“鹜”;“野鸭”的组合在东晋出现,到晚唐时完成了对“凫”的替换;五代出现了“鸭”带词尾“子”的用例。“鸭”的上位化从东晋开始,至晚唐时已经完成。结合文献对这一发展脉络进行梳理,并综合考古材料及畜牧业发展的历史,考察{鸭子}概念域概念节点及词汇和词义系统的历史变化。
Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, “鹜 ” refers to the duck, “凫 ” refers to the duck, “duck ” occasionally; “duck ” in the Wei and Jin occasion to see the literature, The combination of “” “ducks ” appeared in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the replacement of “凫 ” was completed in the late Tang Dynasty. In the fifth generation, the combination of “duck ” with the suffix “child Use cases. ”Duck " from the beginning of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, to late Tang Dynasty has been completed. Combining with the literature, this development vein is sorted out. Based on the history of the development of archeology materials and animal husbandry, we examine the historical nodes of the concept domain of {Duck} and the historical changes of the lexical and semantic systems.