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Rx是对马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)X病毒(PVX)有极端抗性的重要基因,Ry_(agd)和Ry_(chc)是分别对马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)有极端抗性的两个重要基因,R1、R2和R3b是对马铃薯晚疫病有垂直抗性的三个重要基因,H1是对马铃薯孢囊线虫有极端抗性的重要基因。利用7个与马铃薯抗性基因相连锁的分子标记(Rxsp,RYSC3,Ry186,R1,R2-800,R3b和N146)分别对云南农业大学薯类所收集引进的云南地方品种、省外引进品种(系)、国外引进品种(系)和省内栽培品种(系)进行了基于PCR的检测,目的是筛选多抗品种(系),同时为马铃薯分子标记聚合辅助育种提供参考。结果显示,32个地方品种中有22个不含任何标记,占其总品种(系)数的68.75%,其他10个所含标记较单一,最多的地方品种老家洋芋只同时含两个标记;48个省外品种(系)有中有17个不含任何标记,占其总品种(系)数的35.42%,其他31个所含标记比较丰富,品系L0527-4同时含四个标记;32个国外品种(系)中只有6个不含任何标记,仅占其总品种(系)数的18.75%,其他26个所含标记比较丰富,而且检测出了国内品种(系)中很少检测出的Ry186和N146标记;28个省内品种(系)中有6个不含任何标记,占其总品种(系)数的21.43%,其他品种(系)所含标记丰富,品种丽薯12号同时含四个标记。在育种中可以结合农艺性状评价将筛选出来含多个不同抗性标记的材料作为骨干亲本用于进行聚合育种,在F1代实生苗阶段进行分子标记检测,结合田间表现,创造出多抗材料。同时引入国外PVY抗性基因Ry_(chc)和孢囊线虫抗性基因H1,提高品种抗性。
Rx is an important gene that is extremely resistant to Solanum tuberosum L. virus (PVX) and Ry_ (agd) and Ry_ (chc) are two important genes that are extremely resistant to the potato virus Y (PVY), respectively R1, R2 and R3b are three important genes with vertical resistance to potato late blight. H1 is an important gene with extreme resistance to potato cyst nematode. Seven Yunnan potato varieties (Rxsp, RYSC3, Ry186, R1, R2-800, R3b and N146) linked to the potato resistance gene were used to analyze the genetic diversity of Yunnan native cultivars Line), foreign introduced varieties (lines) and provincial cultivars (lines) were tested by PCR based on the purpose of screening multi-resistant varieties (lines), while providing reference for potato molecular marker assisted breeding. The results showed that 22 out of 32 landraces did not contain any marker, accounting for 68.75% of the total cultivars. The other 10 cultivars contained only two markers at the same time. Of the 48 provinces (17 strains), there were 17 markers without any marker, accounting for 35.42% of the total. The other 31 markers contained abundant markers, while L0527-4 contained four markers simultaneously. Only 6 of the foreign breeds (lines) did not contain any markers, accounting for only 18.75% of the total breeds (lines). The other 26 markers contained abundant markers and few detected in domestic breeds (lines) Out of 28 varieties (lines), 6 of which did not contain any markers, accounting for 21.43% of the total varieties (lines), other varieties (lines) contained a rich marker varieties of sweet potato 12 Number contains four markers at the same time. In breeding, agronomic traits can be used to screen out materials with multiple different resistance markers as backbone parents for polymerization and breeding. Molecular marker detection was conducted during F1 seedling stage, and multi-resistant materials were created by combining field performance. At the same time, the introduction of foreign PVY resistance gene Ry_ (chc) and cyst nematode resistance gene H1, improve the variety resistance.