原子力显微镜作为第三代显微探测工具,具有原子级的空间分辨率,其样品制备方法简单易行,可在离体的近生理条件下直接观测生物样品及其动态变化过程,能够对样品进行力学操纵,在观察生物大分子的结构和生物力学特性上具有显著的优势。本文尝试从蛋白质、核酸、多糖的超微结构和力学特性的研究角度入手,期望向读者展现出原子力显微镜在大分子生物学研究中的应用前景。“,”As a third-generation microscopy, atomic force microscope （AFM） has the atomic-scale spatial resolution, the simple sample preparation method and can be operated under physiological conditions to directly observe ultrastructure and dynamic process of biological samples in vitro. AFM can be used to do mechanical manipulation and observation of biomacromolecules on the structure and biomechanical properties. This paper attempts to introduce AFM applications in ultrastructure and mechanical properties of proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides angles to the potential readers.