早在 16世纪,澳大利亚就有关于儿童铅中毒的报告,并指出涂有油漆的墙壁和交通运输是铅污染的主要来源,咬手指和吮吸手指是儿童铅污染的主要途径 [1]。母体铅可通过胎盘进入胎儿体内,造成出生前宫内铅暴露,对出生后的婴幼儿持续产生不良影响;铅还可通过哺乳经乳汁传递给乳儿 As early as the 16th century, there was a report on lead poisoning in children in Australia. It pointed out that painted walls and transportation were the main sources of lead pollution. Biting fingers and finger sucking were the main sources of lead pollution in children [1]. Maternal lead can pass through the placenta into the fetus, resulting in prenatal exposure to intrauterine lead, which continues to have an adverse effect on infants and toddlers after birth; lead can also be delivered to the baby through lactation