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日内瓦公约1977年《第一附加议定书》第36条,要求缔约国对新武器进行是否符合国际法规则的法律审查,这对防止“非法”武器的出现、减轻武装冲突行为的危害具有重要意义。但该议定书制订以来,只有少数国家建立了国内武器法律审查机制,以至于条约的规定形同虚设、约文宗旨难以实现。鉴于当前军事技术的迅猛发展,重视和加强履行第36条的义务,已是一个不容忽视和回避的现实问题。
Article 36 of the 1977 Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions requires the State party to review whether new weapons are legally compliant with the rules of international law. This is of great importance in preventing the emergence of “illegal” weapons and alleviating the armed conflicts. However, since the formulation of the protocol, only a few countries have established a domestic legal review mechanism for weapons, so that the provisions of the treaty are negligent and the purpose of the treaty is hard to come by. In view of the rapid development of military technology at present, attaching importance to and strengthening the obligation to fulfill Article 36 has become a real issue that can not be ignored or avoided.