一、平衡系统的应用解剖(Crowther JA)(1)感觉冲动的传入:平衡系统有以下四个重要的输入感受器,前庭感受器、视觉感受器、触压觉感受器和本体感受器。前庭系统在脑干中分为相互独立的左右两部分;而视觉、触压觉和本体感觉则同时受两侧控制。(2)中枢的完整性:每侧脑干中各有四个前庭神经核即上核、外核、下核和内核,分别接受来自前庭神经的信息,并发出纤维与脊髓、内侧纵束、同侧及对侧Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ脑神经核、迷走神经背核、皮层及小脑有广泛联系。(3)代偿机能的形成:一旦发生前庭功能障碍,可产生不完全代偿,特别是在早期,如迷路功能低下可通过视觉来代偿。如一侧前庭功能丧失,3周后可通过中枢调节逐渐产生代偿。二、病因(Betes GJEM)外周性眩晕可 First, the balanced system of application of anatomy (Crowther JA) (1) sensory impulses incoming: The balance system has the following four important input receptors, vestibular receptors, visual sensors, touch receptors and nociceptors. Vestibular system in the brain stem is divided into independent left and right parts; and visual, touch pressure feel and ontology feel both sides of the control. (2) the integrity of the central nervous system: each side of the brain stem in each of the four vestibular nucleus that the upper nucleus, outer nucleus, lower nucleus and the nucleus, respectively, from the vestibular nerve to receive information and issue fibers and spinal cord, medial longitudinal bundle, Ipsilateral and contralateral Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅵ cranial nerve nucleus, vagus nerve dorsal nucleus, cortex and cerebellum have extensive contact. (3) the formation of compensatory function: in the event of vestibular dysfunction, can produce incomplete compensation, especially in the early stage, such as loss of function can be visually compensated. Such as loss of vestibular function on one side, after 3 weeks by central adjustment gradually produce compensatory. Second, the cause of (Betes GJEM) peripheral vertigo can be