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目的分析2009-2014年承德市肾综合征出血热(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFRS)监测资料,描述承德市HFRS流行特征和变化趋势,为疾病的防控提供依据。方法对承德市2009-2014年HFRS病例资料及宿主动物监测资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2009-2014年承德市共报告HFRS病例137例,死亡4例,平均发病率为0.64/10万,病死率为2.92%。2009年以后发病率呈逐年上升趋势,至2012年达到高峰,随后逐渐下降,但始终保持在低发水平。病例主要集中在双桥区、丰宁县、宽城县和承德县,占报告病例总数的71.53%。各月均有病例报告,以3~6月最多,占报告病例总数的55.47%。发病年龄主要集中在25~59岁之间,占病例总数的75.91%。男女性别比为2.81∶1,男女发病差异有统计学意义(Z=5.56,P<0.01)。发病人群以农民为主,占病例总数的62.04%。2009-2013年间未检出鼠肺带毒,2014年鼠带毒率为6.93%,均为宅区褐家鼠带毒。结论承德市HFRS疫区以家鼠型为主。对高发地区加强监测,强化疫苗接种和防鼠灭鼠工作,是控制疫情的有效措施。
Objective To analyze the monitoring data of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Chengde from 2009 to 2014, and to describe the epidemiological characteristics and trends of HFRS in Chengde City, and to provide basis for disease prevention and control. Methods The data of HFRS from 2009 to 2014 in Chengde City and the monitoring data of host animals were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 137 cases of HFRS were reported in Chengde City from 2009 to 2014, with 4 deaths. The average incidence rate was 0.64 / 100,000 and the case fatality rate was 2.92%. After 2009, the incidence rate showed an upward trend year by year, peaked in 2012, and then gradually declined, but always remained at a low level. The cases mainly concentrated in Shuangqiao District, Fengning County, Kuancheng County and Chengde County, accounting for 71.53% of the total reported cases. Each month there are case reports, up from March to June, accounting for 55.47% of the total reported cases. The age of onset mainly concentrated in the 25 to 59 years old, accounting for 75.91% of the total number of cases. The male-female ratio was 2.81: 1, and the difference between male and female was statistically significant (Z = 5.56, P <0.01). The incidence of peasant population, accounting for 62.04% of the total number of cases. No rodent virus was detected in 2009-2013. In 2014, the rodent rate was 6.93%. Conclusion The HFRS epidemic area in Chengde City is dominated by domestic mice. To strengthen surveillance in areas with high incidence, to strengthen vaccination and anti-rodent control work is an effective measure to control the epidemic.