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目的：本研究旨在寻找新的可作为急性主动脉夹层（AAD）诊断标志物的微小核糖核酸(miRNAs)。n 方法：入选4例A型AAD患者的升主动脉病变组织标本（AAD1组）和4例无心血管疾病的器官捐赠者的升主动脉组织标本（NC1组）；入选20例A型AAD患者（AAD2组）和20例无心血管疾病正常对照者（NC2组）并分别采集血浆，两组病例对照的年龄、性别严格匹配。利用miRNA芯片技术，检测四组受试者的升主动脉组织和血浆miRNAs表达谱，整合两组分析结果，确定AAD患者组织和血浆均差异表达的miRNAs。n 结果：主动脉组织miRNA芯片结果显示，AAD患者中30个miRNAs表达显著改变，其中13个表达上调，17个表达下调。血浆miRNA芯片分析显示，AAD患者有93个miRNA差异表达，其中33个表达上调，60个表达下调。整合两个表达谱，共有4个miRNAs（miR-4313、-933、-1281和-1238）在血浆和组织均显著升高。其中，AAD1组较NC1组、AAD2组较NC2组miR-4313分别上调1.5倍和42.4倍，miR-933分别上调10.4倍和26.8倍，miR-1281分别上调1.7倍和17.8倍，miR-1238分别上调1.3倍和13.8倍。n 结论：通过miRNA芯片分析，我们筛选到4个在AAD患者主动脉组织和血浆中均升高的miRNAs。这些miRNA可能是诊断AAD的生物标志物，但需大样本验证。“,”Objective: We want to identify the new microRNAs (miRNAs) biomarker for diagnosing the patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). n Methods: Our work included 2 sets of groups.①AAD 1 tissue group, containing the aortic tissue of A type AAD patients and Control 1 group, containing the aortic tissue of the subjects without cardiovascular disease. n=4 in each group. ② AAD 2 plasma group, containing the plasma of A type AAD patients and Control 2 group, containing the plasma of the subjects without cardiovascular disease. n=20 in each group. The age and gender were strictly matched between the patients and control subjects. The miRNAs expression in ascending aortic tissue and plasma were examined by microarray analysis in 4 groups, and the results in 2 sets of groups were integrated to identify the differential expression of miRNAs in AAD patients. n Results: The microarray analysis indicated that in AAD patients, the aortic tissue had 30 differentially expressed n miRNAs, 13 of them were up-regulated and 17 were down-regulated;plasma had 93 differentially expressed miRNAs, 33 of them were up-regulated and 60 were down-regulated. With integrated analysis, 4 miRNAs expressions were increased in both aortic tissue and plasma as miR-4313, miR-933, miR-1281 and miR-1238. Compared with Control 1 group and Control 2 group, AAD 1 group and AAD 2 group showed up-regulated miR-4313 at 1.5-fold and 42.4-fold, up-regulated miR-933 at 10.4-fold and 26.8-fold, up-regulated miR-1281 at 1.7-fold and 17.8-fold, up-regulated miR-1238 at 1.3-fold and 13.8-fold respectively. n Conclusion: There were 4 differentially expressed miRNAs in both aortic tissue and plasma in AAD patients, which might be the potential biomarkers of AAD, while large sample investigation is needed.