目的观察大鼠近胃小弯处胃前壁经内脏神经传入的感觉神经元与肥大细胞的形态学关系以及大鼠脊神经节肥大细胞的形态和分布。方法逆行荧光标记和肥大细胞染色相结合的方法。结果脊神经节的肥大细胞有卵圆形、椭圆形和不规则形３种形态，分布于被膜、近被膜下区和节内３种部位，主要为藏红Ｏ阳性细胞。近被膜下区一些不规则肥大细胞有突起伸向邻近节细胞，这些细胞不是荧光标记细胞。结论结果为研究肥大细胞与节细胞之间的功能关系提供了形态学基础。 OBJECTIVE: To observe the morphological relationship between sensory neurons and mast cells introduced into the anterior gastric parietal wall of rats by gastric visceral nerves and the morphology and distribution of rat mast cells. Methods The combination of retrograde fluorescent labeling and mast cell staining. Results Mast cells of the spinal ganglia were oval, oval and irregular. They were distributed in the capsule, subencapsular zone and three sections of the nodules, mainly including Tibetan red O positive cells. Nearly subglottic area irregular mast cells have protrusions extending to adjacent cells, these cells are not fluorescent labeled cells. Conclusions The results provide a morphological basis for studying the functional relationship between mast cells and ganglion cells.