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汉魏士子,由于所处时代的特殊性,往往陷入出与入的两难困境之中,为了寻找出路开始选择道家。而作为道家的代表人物庄子,其散文中的一些经典寓言和意象自然也就成了士人文学创作取材的基点。《庄子.至乐篇》中有一段关于髑髅的寓言,通过庄子与髑髅的对话表达了庄子的生死观。东汉张衡取材于此,作有《髑髅赋》,首次把庄子的逍遥世界转化为文学意象世界。之后三国魏李康、吕安也都作有《髑髅赋》,曹植则作有《髑髅说》。本文在他人研究的基础上,结合时代背景通过对这些赋体文学中关于髑髅意象的分析,揭示出汉魏士子努力进取却又彷徨挣扎的痛苦心路历程。
Due to the particularity of the times in the Han and Wei scholar, often caught in the dilemma of being out and into, in order to find a way to choose the Taoist. As the representative of Taoism, Zhuangzi, some classic fables and images in his essay will naturally become the basis for literati creation. There is a fable about Calvary in Zhuangzi-Lele Piece, which expresses Zhuangzi’s view of life and death through the dialogue between Zhuangzi and Calvary. Eastern Han Zhang Heng drawn from this, made “Fu”, for the first time the world of Zhuangzi Happy World into a literary world. After the Three Kingdoms Wei Kang, Lu An also made a “Fu”, Cao Zhi made “Cloak said.” Based on the researches of others and the background of the times, this article analyzes the images of the sarcophagus in these kinds of fussy literature and reveals the painful mentality that the scholar of the Han and Wei diligently forged ahead.