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由条件状语从句和主句构成的复合句称之为条件句，分真实性条件句和非真实性条件句两种。高考常从以下四个方面对其进行考查。
热点一 根据前后句逻辑关系，选择引导条件状语从句的从属连词
1.引导条件状语从句常见的从属连词有if，unless，in case，on condition that，as（so） long as，if only，only if等。例如：
①—Did you meet with the famous film star？
—If only I had come here earlier.
②I will go with you only if it stays fine tomorrow.
2.引导条件状语从句较为特殊的从属连词的用法。
①provided/providing （that）用于真实情况，表示某事肯定会发生或一定真实的时候另一事件才会发生，用法同only if。例如：
Provided the weather is fine，we’ll go on rides.
②supposing/suppose （that）表示“假设，假定；万一……怎么办（同what if...？）”。例如：
Supposing you lost your way，what should you do？
It’s not worth the risk，suppose your mother found out.
③but作从属连词，用于否定句中，表示“无一例外地”。例如：
Never does a day pass but we need food.
3.从属连词unless，in case，if，as long as，once为历年高考重点，属高考高频词汇，应重点把握。注意高考会结合省略、非谓语动词在非限定分句“从属连词when/unless/once+v-ed/v-ing形式”中加强对连词的考查。例如：
①Unless you’ve tried it，you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.
②I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s in case I have to wait.
③I am sure that Laura’s latest play，once staged，will prove a great success.
④Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water if they are not managed carefully.
4.表示条件的从属连词as long as，if，unless，once用法区别。
①as long as用法和only if/on condition that相同，强调某事的发生以另一事件的发生为前提。例如：
As long as I know the money is safe，I shall not worry about it.
②if为正面条件，可能会产生好的或坏的结果，若某种条件产生坏的结果，此时的if可用as long as替换。例如：
I would appreciate it if you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s appointment.
③unless为反面条件，表示“除非，如果不”，故在真实条件句中常和if...not...换用。例如：
I won’t call you，unless something unexpected happens.
④once既表时间，又包含条件，译作“一旦”。例如：
You will be successful in the interview once you have confidence.
热点二 真实条件句中时态的选用
1.描述基本事实，在if/in case引导的条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替将来时，也可使用现在进行时或现在完成时，主句使用“将来时或情态动词+动词原形”。例如：
①—What would you do if it rains tomorrow？
—We have to carry it on，since we’ve got everything ready.
②In such dry weather，the flowers will have to be watered if they are to survive.
2.描述客观真理、事实或习惯性动作时，主从句皆用一般现在时，此时if相当于whenever；若表示过去习惯性动作，主从句皆用一般过去时。例如：
Salt is broken down easier if you put it in the hot water.
3.表意愿或委婉语气，从句使用情态动词will/would/should，后接动词原形，主句时态不定。例如：
If everyone won’t agree，we have to consider the plan again.
If you should have any difficulty finding me，ring me at the number I gave you.
热点三 非真实条件句中虚拟语气的用法
1.对现在的假设。从句用过去时（be动词一律用were），主句用would/should+do。例如：
If it were not for the fact that she can’t sing，I would invite her to the party.
2.对过去的假设。从句用had done，主句用would/should+have done。例如：
You didn’t let me drive.If we had driven in turn，you wouldn’t have got so tired.
Look at the trouble I am in!If only I had followed your advice.
3.对将来的假设。从句用were to+do或should+do，主句用would/should+do。从句使用上述两种形式时，实现可能性不同。were to +do句型实现可能性最小，也较正式；should+do句型实现可能性最大。例如：
Should you be fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
4.混合条件句虚拟语气的用法。若if从句和主句所表示的时间不一致，主从句使用的虚拟语气形式由主从句所表示的时间确定。做题时重视短语的暗示作用，如as if，but for，if only，even if，otherwise等。例如：
He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he would have scored a goal.
It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I had not fallen in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
热点四 条件句句式结构的识别及转化
1.条件句两种常见句型
①if 从句（谓语用一般现在时）+祈使句。例如：
—May I smoke here？
—If you must，choose a seat in the smoking section.
②if 从句（谓语用一般现在时）+主句（谓语用将来时）。例如：
If it rains tomorrow，we just stay at home，watching TV.
2.条件句与祈使句的相互转化
常见祈使句式：动词原形或名词词组+and/or/but+谓语（用将来时或情态动词+do）。祈使句与if条件句转化关系为：
①do...，and you will/won’t do=If you do...，you will/won’t do...
Lose one hour in the morning and you will be looking for it the rest of the day.
转化为：If you lose one hour in the morning，you will be looking for it the rest of the day.
②do...，or you will do=If you don’t do...，you will do...
Start out right away，or you’ll miss the first train.
转化为：If you don’t start out right away，you’ll miss the first train.
3.条件句的省略
①带连词的非限定分句型，即 “连词+v-ed/v-ing”型省略。注意省略条件，即前后逻辑主语一致，且从句中含有be动词，将主语和be动词一并省略，只保留连词。高考常结合非谓语动词对考生进行考查，构成“连词+v-ed/v-ing”形式。例如：
—If turned down a second time，will the man have one more try？
—I’m sure he will.
②带连词的无动词分句型，即“if+其他”型省略。if 条件句中的省略，如if any/ever/necessary以及if so/not等，其中if ever表频度，而if much和if any表数量。例如：
As far as I know，she seldom，if ever，goes down town to visit her friend.
4.only条件句及if条件句的倒装
①虚拟语气中不用if时采用倒装，将助动词提至句首即可。例如：
What would have happened had Bob walked further，as far as the river bank？
②only置于句首，强调状语时，将主句助动词提至主语之前；注意高考常结合动词时态、语态对考生进行综合考查。例如：
Only then did she realize how much damage had been caused.
Only after my friend came was the computer repaired.
5.what if...，how about if...，how come的区别
what if...后接从句，谓语动词使用一般现在时表将来，译作“万一……怎么办或……怎么样”，表假设或征询对方的意见；how about if同what if，用以询问对方的意见；how come（that）后接从句，表示对已发生事件的疑惑，译作“怎么会”。试比较：
We have so much work to do.What if he doesn’t come？
我们有很多工作要做，万一他不来怎么办？
We have so much work to do.How come he hasn’t come？
我们有很多工作要做，他怎么会到现在还不来呢？
What if/How about if we go to the concert after dinner？
吃过晚饭去欣赏音乐怎么样
热点一 根据前后句逻辑关系，选择引导条件状语从句的从属连词
1.引导条件状语从句常见的从属连词有if，unless，in case，on condition that，as（so） long as，if only，only if等。例如：
①—Did you meet with the famous film star？
—If only I had come here earlier.
②I will go with you only if it stays fine tomorrow.
2.引导条件状语从句较为特殊的从属连词的用法。
①provided/providing （that）用于真实情况，表示某事肯定会发生或一定真实的时候另一事件才会发生，用法同only if。例如：
Provided the weather is fine，we’ll go on rides.
②supposing/suppose （that）表示“假设，假定；万一……怎么办（同what if...？）”。例如：
Supposing you lost your way，what should you do？
It’s not worth the risk，suppose your mother found out.
③but作从属连词，用于否定句中，表示“无一例外地”。例如：
Never does a day pass but we need food.
3.从属连词unless，in case，if，as long as，once为历年高考重点，属高考高频词汇，应重点把握。注意高考会结合省略、非谓语动词在非限定分句“从属连词when/unless/once+v-ed/v-ing形式”中加强对连词的考查。例如：
①Unless you’ve tried it，you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.
②I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s in case I have to wait.
③I am sure that Laura’s latest play，once staged，will prove a great success.
④Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water if they are not managed carefully.
4.表示条件的从属连词as long as，if，unless，once用法区别。
①as long as用法和only if/on condition that相同，强调某事的发生以另一事件的发生为前提。例如：
As long as I know the money is safe，I shall not worry about it.
②if为正面条件，可能会产生好的或坏的结果，若某种条件产生坏的结果，此时的if可用as long as替换。例如：
I would appreciate it if you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s appointment.
③unless为反面条件，表示“除非，如果不”，故在真实条件句中常和if...not...换用。例如：
I won’t call you，unless something unexpected happens.
④once既表时间，又包含条件，译作“一旦”。例如：
You will be successful in the interview once you have confidence.
热点二 真实条件句中时态的选用
1.描述基本事实，在if/in case引导的条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替将来时，也可使用现在进行时或现在完成时，主句使用“将来时或情态动词+动词原形”。例如：
①—What would you do if it rains tomorrow？
—We have to carry it on，since we’ve got everything ready.
②In such dry weather，the flowers will have to be watered if they are to survive.
2.描述客观真理、事实或习惯性动作时，主从句皆用一般现在时，此时if相当于whenever；若表示过去习惯性动作，主从句皆用一般过去时。例如：
Salt is broken down easier if you put it in the hot water.
3.表意愿或委婉语气，从句使用情态动词will/would/should，后接动词原形，主句时态不定。例如：
If everyone won’t agree，we have to consider the plan again.
If you should have any difficulty finding me，ring me at the number I gave you.
热点三 非真实条件句中虚拟语气的用法
1.对现在的假设。从句用过去时（be动词一律用were），主句用would/should+do。例如：
If it were not for the fact that she can’t sing，I would invite her to the party.
2.对过去的假设。从句用had done，主句用would/should+have done。例如：
You didn’t let me drive.If we had driven in turn，you wouldn’t have got so tired.
Look at the trouble I am in!If only I had followed your advice.
3.对将来的假设。从句用were to+do或should+do，主句用would/should+do。从句使用上述两种形式时，实现可能性不同。were to +do句型实现可能性最小，也较正式；should+do句型实现可能性最大。例如：
Should you be fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
4.混合条件句虚拟语气的用法。若if从句和主句所表示的时间不一致，主从句使用的虚拟语气形式由主从句所表示的时间确定。做题时重视短语的暗示作用，如as if，but for，if only，even if，otherwise等。例如：
He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he would have scored a goal.
It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I had not fallen in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
热点四 条件句句式结构的识别及转化
1.条件句两种常见句型
①if 从句（谓语用一般现在时）+祈使句。例如：
—May I smoke here？
—If you must，choose a seat in the smoking section.
②if 从句（谓语用一般现在时）+主句（谓语用将来时）。例如：
If it rains tomorrow，we just stay at home，watching TV.
2.条件句与祈使句的相互转化
常见祈使句式：动词原形或名词词组+and/or/but+谓语（用将来时或情态动词+do）。祈使句与if条件句转化关系为：
①do...，and you will/won’t do=If you do...，you will/won’t do...
Lose one hour in the morning and you will be looking for it the rest of the day.
转化为：If you lose one hour in the morning，you will be looking for it the rest of the day.
②do...，or you will do=If you don’t do...，you will do...
Start out right away，or you’ll miss the first train.
转化为：If you don’t start out right away，you’ll miss the first train.
3.条件句的省略
①带连词的非限定分句型，即 “连词+v-ed/v-ing”型省略。注意省略条件，即前后逻辑主语一致，且从句中含有be动词，将主语和be动词一并省略，只保留连词。高考常结合非谓语动词对考生进行考查，构成“连词+v-ed/v-ing”形式。例如：
—If turned down a second time，will the man have one more try？
—I’m sure he will.
②带连词的无动词分句型，即“if+其他”型省略。if 条件句中的省略，如if any/ever/necessary以及if so/not等，其中if ever表频度，而if much和if any表数量。例如：
As far as I know，she seldom，if ever，goes down town to visit her friend.
4.only条件句及if条件句的倒装
①虚拟语气中不用if时采用倒装，将助动词提至句首即可。例如：
What would have happened had Bob walked further，as far as the river bank？
②only置于句首，强调状语时，将主句助动词提至主语之前；注意高考常结合动词时态、语态对考生进行综合考查。例如：
Only then did she realize how much damage had been caused.
Only after my friend came was the computer repaired.
5.what if...，how about if...，how come的区别
what if...后接从句，谓语动词使用一般现在时表将来，译作“万一……怎么办或……怎么样”，表假设或征询对方的意见；how about if同what if，用以询问对方的意见；how come（that）后接从句，表示对已发生事件的疑惑，译作“怎么会”。试比较：
We have so much work to do.What if he doesn’t come？
我们有很多工作要做，万一他不来怎么办？
We have so much work to do.How come he hasn’t come？
我们有很多工作要做，他怎么会到现在还不来呢？
What if/How about if we go to the concert after dinner？
吃过晚饭去欣赏音乐怎么样