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通过设置在北京昌平区的长期肥料定位试验,研究16年的长期不同施肥制度下,土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的状况。试验设置冬小麦-夏玉米复种连作和小麦-玉米→小麦-大豆复种轮作2种不同种植制度以及长期撂荒处理(CK0),其中冬小麦-夏玉米复种连作种植制度(种植方式Ⅰ)包括4个施肥处理,分别为:对照(CK,不施肥,但种植作物)、氮磷钾(NPK)、氮磷钾+猪厩肥(NPK+M)、氮磷钾+玉米秸秆(NPK+S);小麦-玉米→小麦-大豆复种轮作种植制度(种植方式Ⅱ)包括1个施肥处理为氮磷钾+种植方式Ⅱ(NPKF)。试验结果表明:1)长期撂荒土壤的有机质和全氮的含量、微生物量碳(SMB-C)和氮(SMB-N)均显著高于2种不同种植制度的农田土壤,但土壤微生物生物量磷含量较低;2)2种不同的种植制度中,施肥处理(NPK、NPKM、NPKS和NPKF)农田的土壤养分含量、微生物量生物量碳、氮、磷均高于不施肥但种植的农田(CK),与CK相比,NPK、NPK+M、NPK+S和NPKF处理的微生物量生物量碳增加了26%、70%、36%和46%,微生物量生物量氮增加了92%、251%、130%和159%,以及微生物量生物量磷增加了519%1、495%、898%和712%;3)小麦-玉米→小麦-大豆复种轮作并且施氮磷钾肥(NPKF)农田的土壤微生物量生物量碳、氮和磷高于长期小麦-夏玉米复种连作并且施氮磷钾肥(NPK)的农田;4)在施肥处理中(NPK、NPK+M、NPK+S和NPKF),长期氮磷钾化肥与有机肥配合施用的处理(NPK+M)的土壤上述指标高于其他施肥处理(NPK、NPK+S和NPKF);5)土壤微生物与土壤养分之间具有很好的相关性,其中土壤微生物生物量碳、氮与土壤有机质、全氮呈极显著的正相关,土壤微生物生物量磷与土壤全磷和速效磷呈显著正相关。
Through the long-term fertilizer experiment in Changping District of Beijing, the status of soil microbial biomass C, N and P under 16 years of long-term fertilization was studied. Two different cropping systems and long-term fallow treatment (CK0) of winter wheat-summer maize multiple cropping and wheat-corn-wheat-soybean multiple crop rotation were set up, in which cropping system Ⅰ was composed of four fertilization treatments (NPK + M), NPK + corn stover (NPK + S); wheat-corn (CK) → Planting system of wheat-soybean multiple cropping rotation (planting method II) includes one fertilization treatment as NPK + planting method II (NPKF). The results showed as follows: 1) The contents of organic matter and total nitrogen, SMB-C and SMB-N in long-term abandoned land were significantly higher than those in 2 different planting systems, but the soil microbial biomass Phosphorus content was lower; 2) Soil nutrient content, microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the field of fertilization (NPK, NPKM, NPKS and NPKF) were higher than those of the non-fertilized but planted farmland (CK). Compared with CK, microbial biomass carbon of NPK, NPK + M, NPK + S and NPKF increased by 26%, 70%, 36% and 46%, and microbial biomass nitrogen increased by 92% , 251%, 130% and 159%, and microbial biomass phosphorus increased 519%, 1,495%, 898% and 712% respectively; 3) Wheat- Soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland were higher than those in cropping with long-term wheat-summer maize and applying NPK. (4) In NPK, NPK + M, NPK + S and NPKF ), NPK + M fertilizers and organic fertilizers were higher than those of other fertilization treatments (NPK, NPK + S and NPKF). 5) Soil microorganisms and Between soil nutrient having good correlation, wherein the microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and soil organic matter, total nitrogen was significantly positive correlation was a significant positive correlation with soil microbial biomass P full phosphorus and available.