目的了解博乐农五师2000-2009年5岁以下儿童死亡原因,为卫生决策提供依据。方法对2000-2009年博乐农五师十年5岁以下儿童死亡监测分析,结果 2000-2009年5岁以下儿童死亡前五位死亡原因为早产及低体重、出生窒息、出生缺陷、意外死亡、肺部疾患、其他新生儿疾病。结论加强产前健康教育,制定干预措施预防出生缺陷,提高产科质量和围产保健工作是降低5岁以下儿童死亡的有效措施。 Objective To understand the causes of death of children under 5 years of age from 2000 to 2009 in Bole Agricultural Research Institute, and to provide the basis for health decision-making. Methods The monitoring and analysis of the death of children under 5 years of age under the age of five from 2000 to 2009 in Bole County was conducted. Results The five leading causes of death among children under 5 years of age from 2000 to 2009 were premature birth and low birth weight, birth asphyxia, birth defects and accidental death , Lung disease, other neonatal diseases. Conclusions Strengthening prenatal health education, making interventions to prevent birth defects, improving obstetric quality and improving perinatal health care are effective measures to reduce the death of children under 5 years of age.