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目的 评价新疆维吾尔自治区2005 — 2015 年医疗资源配置的公平性,为优化区域医疗资源配置提供科学依据.方法 采用洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数和泰尔指数评价2005 — 2015 年各类医疗资源按人口分布和按地理分布的公平性.结果 2005 — 2015 新疆维吾尔自治区医疗资源投入年均增长率主要体现在:床位数年增长率为6.56 ％;卫技人员数年增长率为5.35 ％;执业(助理)医师数年增长率为5.14 ％;注册护士数年增长率为8.99 ％.从人口和地理分布情况分析,新疆乌鲁木齐市的医疗资源拥有量远远高于其他地区.资源配置人口和地理分布的基尼系数为 0.08～0.60,不同地区之间的医疗资源配置不公平.结论 应调整医疗资源配置的结构,优化和推动不同地区医疗资源配置的协同发展,推动“互联网 +”和“智慧医疗”的发展,缩小地区之间和基层医疗人才知识结构和诊治水平的差距.“,”Objective To evaluate the equity of medical resources allocation in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) between 2005 – 2015 for providing evidences to the optimization of allocation of medical resources in the region. Methods We collected data on demographic and regional distribution of medical resources during the period in Xinjiang from Statistics Yearbook of Xinjiang and assessed the equity of the allocation using Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve and Theil index. Results During the 11-year period in the region, the average annual growth rate of the amount of medical resources was 6.56％ for beds, 5.35％ for technical personnel, 5.14％ for licensed practicing (assistant) doctors, and 8.99％ for registered nurses. The allocation of the medical resources in Urumqi municipality was greatly higher than that in other regions in Xinjiang. The The Gini coefficients for demographic and regional allocation of medical resources ranged 0.08 and 0.60, indicating an unequal allocation of medical resources in the region. Conclusion The equity for medical resources allocation needs to be improved in Xinjiang.