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人体胚胎在发育过程中受某些不利因素的影响而导致胎儿外形或内部结构的异常,称为先天性畸形。先天性畸形的发生率,可因检查方法、受检婴幼儿的年龄、种族和地区等条件的差异而有很大出入,但国际上一般认为先天性畸形的发生率为2.7％。早期流产的胚胎,畸形率可达50％,围产期胚儿或婴儿死亡的约有20％属于先天性畸形。当前由于环境污染日趋严重,畸形率有上升趋势。研究致畸因子的类型和作用机制,以及如何预防畸形的发生,做到优生优育,已是现代医学主要问题之一,而我国对这个问题更应高度重视。
Human embryos in the development process by some unfavorable factors lead to fetal shape or internal structure abnormalities, known as congenital malformations. The incidence of congenital malformations may vary greatly depending on the examination method, the age, ethnicity and area of infants tested. However, the incidence of congenital malformations is generally believed to be 2.7% in the world. Early miscarriage of embryos, deformity rate of up to 50%, perinatal or infant mortality of about 20% of congenital malformations. Due to the increasingly serious environmental pollution, the rate of deformity has been on the rise. It is one of the major problems in modern medicine to study the types and mechanism of teratogenic factors and how to prevent the occurrence of deformities. Therefore, our country should pay more attention to this problem.