当我们路过有超音速飞机的机场附近时,有可能会听到“嘣嘣”两声巨响,犹如晴天霹雳,震耳欲聋。如果是你初次听到的话还会大吃一惊!以为是飞机在空中放炮,或者出了什么问题。其实不然,这就是超音速飞行中的所谓“音爆”(也称为“爆音”)。那么,“音爆”究竟是怎么回事,为什么只有在超音速飞行时才会出现呢?要想了解这一点,我们可以从一种常见的自然现象谈起: 在平静的水面上,如果投一块石头,水面上立刻会出现一圈一圈的水波向四周传播,波及整个水面,也就是我们常常说的“一石激起千层浪”。但如果是在水面上运动的物体在水中激起的水波就不是这样了,例如一艘快艇在水中高速前进时,我们看到它激起的水波就不是一圈一圈地向外传,而是从艇前开始,呈一楔形向外传播。同时我 When we pass near the airport with supersonic aircraft, may hear “嘣 嘣 ” two loud noise, like a bolt from the thunder, deafening. If you hear it for the first time you will be surprised! It is thought that the plane was shot in the air, or what went wrong. In actual fact, this is the so-called “sonic boom” (also known as “sonic boom”) in supersonic flight. So, what’s the matter with “sonic boom” and why does it happen only with supersonic flight? To understand this we can start with a common natural phenomenon: On calm waters, If you cast a stone, there will immediately appear on the surface of the water around the circle of waves spread around, affecting the entire surface, that is, we often say “a ripple.” But if it is on the water surface objects stirred in water is not the case, for example, when a speedboat in the water at high speed, we see it is not caused by waves of water rummage to the outside, but From the front of the boat, was a wedge spread out. At the same time, I