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马克思以“国际价值”为工具,解释了工资水平的国民差异,留下一些需要进一步讨论的问题;商品价值决定包含了价值创造和价值转移两个方面,因而价值内含可以具体化为两个基本方面,即不同类别的劳动力之间的劳动交换关系和同一类别不同劳动力之间的竞争关系亦即是分配关系;决定或影响劳动生产率水平的各类因素,对商品价值及其内部不同构成部分具有不同的作用。如果将商品价值量的反向变化看作劳动生产率水平高低的标志,在既定的生产技术条件下,工资水平是影响产品竞争优势的主要因素,从而不排除发展中国家某类产品的生产率水平比发达国家更高的可能性和现实性。因此,国际价值学说,是我们认识发达国家在国际贸易问题上采用“双重行为”和“双重标准”实质的一个基本的理论分析工具。
Marx used “international value” as a tool to explain national differences in salary level and left some issues for further discussion. The decision of commodity value includes two aspects of value creation and value transfer. Therefore, the value implication can be embodied as The two basic aspects, that is, the labor exchange relationship between different types of labor force and the competitive relationship between different labor forces in the same category are also the distributional relations; the various factors that determine or affect the level of labor productivity differ from the value of commodities and their internal differences Components have different roles. If we consider the reverse change of the value of the commodity as a sign of the level of labor productivity, the wage level is the main factor that affects the competitive advantage of the product under the established production technology. Therefore, it is not ruled out that the productivity level of a certain product in the developing countries is higher than that of the developed The higher the possibility and reality of the country. Therefore, the theory of international value is a basic theoretical analysis tool for us to understand the essence of the “double behaviors” and the “double standards” of developed countries on the issue of international trade.