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晚清刻本《如不及斋丛书》,由同治初年潮阳知县陈坤编著而成,是一部较少被注意的地方文献。透过陈坤的见闻和见解,参以其他史料,我们可对晚清潮州社会情势的发展试作探讨。道光以后,潮州地方行政权力已难以达至基层。成同时期地方军事化形成的团练结社,接续了村落串合械斗的积弊。同治年间,陈坤、冒澄、方耀等有识官员,力图通过拆社分乡、强绅办乡等措施,重建乡村秩序,这一趋向给地方权势提供了更多的上升空间,也影响了清末民初基层行政的转变。
Late Qing engraved “If not Book Series”, by the early years of the Tongzhi Chaozhou magistrate compiled by Chen Kun, is a less noticed local literature. Through the knowledge and opinions of Chen Kun and other historical materials, we can try to explore the development of Chaozhou social situation in the late Qing Dynasty. Daoguang after Chaozhou local administrative power has been difficult to reach the grassroots level. The formation of the CYL at the same time as the militia association formed by local militarization continued the long-standing conspiracy of fighting in villages. In the Tongzhi years, Chen Kun, Cheng Cheng, Fang Yao and other well-known officials sought to rebuild rural order by demolishing community-based and strong-gentry-run towns and other measures. This trend provided more room for local power to rise and affected The Transformation of Grassroots Administration from Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic.