1827年英国植物学家布朗(1773-1858)用显微镜观察悬浮在水中的花粉时发现,小颗粒的花粉在水中呈现出“之”型的不规则运动。我们现在知道这种运动叫做布朗运动。那么,布朗运动到底是怎么产生的呢?这些粒子是自发的运动还是受到周围分子的不平衡的碰撞而导致的运动?答案是后者,但理论上的解释却并不容易。1905年,大科学家爱因斯坦在写了一篇被广泛引用的论文,才从理论上解释了布朗运动,他的研究也成为分子运动论和统计力学发展的基础,那一年爱因斯坦还写了另外两 1827 British botanist Brown (1773-1858) microscopically observed pollen suspended in water found that small particles of pollen in the water showed a “type” of irregular movement. We now know that this movement is called the Brownian movement. So how did the Brownian motion come about? Are these particles spontaneous or motivated by the unbalanced collisions of the surrounding molecules? The answer is the latter, but the theoretical explanation is not easy. In 1905, the great scientist Einstein wrote a widely cited essay to explain the Brownian movement theoretically. His research also became the basis for the development of molecular kinematics and statistical mechanics. That year, Einstein Wrote the other two