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AIM: To describe the use of hand-assisted laparoscopic surg-ery (HALS) as an altative to open conversion for complex gall-stone diseases, including Mirizzi syndrome (MS) and mimic MS.METHODS: Five patients with MS and mimic MS of 232 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomies were analyzed. HALS without a hand-port device was performed as an altative to open conversion if the anatomy was still unclear after the neck of the gallbladder was reached.RESULTS: HALS was performed on three patients with MS type Ⅰ and 2 with mimic MS owing to an undear or abnormal anatomy, or an unusual circumstance in which an impacted stone was squeezed out from the infundibulum or the aberrant cystic duct impossible with laparoscopic approach. The median operative time was 165 min (range, 115-190 min). The median hand-assisted time was 75 min (range, 65-100 min). The median postoperative stay was 4 d (range, 3-5 d). The postoperative course was uneventful, except for 1 patient complicated with a minor incision infection. CONCLUSION: HALS for MS type Ⅰ and mimic MS is safe and feasible. It simplifies laparoscopic procedure, and can be used as an altative to open conversion for complex gallstone diseases.