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目的:采用家庭亲密度及适应性量表中文版(FACSⅡ-CV)对被调查儿童家庭进行亲密度及适应性评定,了解影响学龄前儿童家庭亲密度和适应性的可能因素。方法:采用整群、分层多阶段抽样法,抽取兰州市部分幼儿园大、中、小班3~6岁学龄前儿童1 400名。采用FACSⅡ-CV调查表对抽样儿童的家庭亲密度与适应性进行调查,问卷由儿童父母填写,共收回有效问卷1 320份。结果:家庭亲密度类型主要表现为亲密(21.52%)和缠结(68.41%);家庭适应性类型主要表现为有规律(20.98%)和灵活(33.86%)。父母文化程度、家庭年收入和家庭类型不同的学龄前儿童家庭,其家庭亲密度和适应性表现类型比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。父母文化程度较高、家庭收入较好及家庭类型为核心家庭的学龄前儿童家庭,其家庭亲密度和适应性表现类型较为积极。结论:父母文化程度、家庭年收入状况和家庭类型是影响学龄前儿童家庭亲密度和适应性的可能重要相关因素。
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the degree of intimacy and adaptability of the investigated children’s family using FACSⅡ-CV, and to find out the possible factors influencing the family’s closeness and adaptability of preschool children. Methods: A total of 1 400 preschoolers aged 3 ~ 6 years of large, medium and small classes in some kindergartens of Lanzhou were selected by cluster analysis and stratified multistage sampling. FACSⅡ-CV questionnaire was used to investigate the family cohesion and adaptability of sampled children. The questionnaire was filled in by parents of children, and 1,320 valid questionnaires were collected. Results: The main types of family intimacy were intimate (21.52%) and entanglement (68.41%). The family adaptability types were regular (20.98%) and flexible (33.86%). There was a significant difference in family cohesion and adaptive performance among parents, parents’ education, family income and families with different types of preschool children (P <0.05). Family-friendly and adaptive performance types are more active in preschool-aged families with higher levels of parental education, better family incomes, and families with core family types. CONCLUSIONS: Parental education, family income status, and family type are likely to be important factors that influence pre-school children’s family cohesion and fitness.