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目的:采用基于表面的形态学测量法(surface-based morphometry，SBM)结合基于纤维束示踪的空间统计学方法(tract-based spatial statistics，TBSS)，从灰质皮层到白质纤维全面系统地对聋哑儿童全脑结构的改变进行测量分析。方法:选取9～13岁聋哑儿童及年龄、性别等相匹配的正常对照组各27例。采集所有被试T1结构像及弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging，DTI)数据，分别进行SBM及TBSS的分析，计算皮层厚度、回指数及各向异性指数(fractional anisotropy，FA)。采用SPSS 20.0软件和FSL软件对数据进行统计分析。结果:与正常对照组比较，聋哑儿童左侧大脑半球中央后回、顶上小叶、中央旁小叶、楔前叶的皮层厚度明显降低(团块大小4 150，n P<0.05)。右侧大脑半球颞横回、颞中回区域皮层厚度降低(团块大小2 592，n P<0.05)。左侧楔前叶区域局部回指数明显升高(团块大小3 225，n P<0.05)。DTI结果显示在放射冠、皮质束、扣带回、胼胝体、丘脑辐射、额枕下束等区域FA值降低(n P<0.05，TFCE校正)。n 结论:聋哑儿童大脑皮层及白质微结构存在不同程度的损伤，同时楔前叶出现了脑结构重塑和代偿重构，为深入研究听觉功能丧失与大脑结构改变的关系提供了有力的证据。“,”Objective:To comprehensively and systematically measure and analyze deaf children's gray matter cortex and white matter fibers by surface-based morphometry (SBM) and tract-based spatial statistics(TBSS).Methods:Twenty-seven deaf children aged 9-13 years old and twenty-seven age and sex matched normal controls were selected. T1 structural images and diffusion tensor imaging data were collected and analyzed by SBM and TBSS to calculate the cortical thickness, back index and anisotropic index (fractional anisotropy, FA). The SPSS 20.0 software and FSL software were used for data analysis.Results:Compared with the control group, the thickness of the cortex in the left cerebral hemisphere central posterior gyrus, the superior lobule, the central lateral lobule, and the anterior lobe were significantly reduced(cluster size 4 150, n P<0.05), and in the right cerebral hemisphere squats and the middle sacral region reduced(cluster size 2 592,n P<0.05). The local regression index of the left anterior wedge region was significantly increased(cluster size 3 225,n P<0.05). The DTI results showed a decrease in FA values in the areas of radiation crown, cortical bundle, cingulate gyrus, corpus callosum, thalamus radiation, and sub-occipital bundle(n P<0.05, TFCE corrected).n Conclusion:There are different degrees of damage in the cerebral cortex and white matter microstructure of deaf children, and the brain structure remodeling and compensatory reconstruction appeared in the anterior wedge, which provide strong evidence for in-depth study of relationship between the loss of auditory function and changes in the brain structure.