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一、概述露天采矿,近二十多年来有了很大的发展。据七十年代初的统计,世界开采工业矿石年产约100亿吨,其中三分之二是露天开采的。美国露天开采比重达83％,苏联达81％,加拿大达70％以上,澳大利亚、巴西和印度等采矿业较发达的国家,也越来越多地采用露天开采。露天开采深度亦在不断增大。美国宾厄姆铜矿已达800米以上,加拿大加斯佩铜矿的设计开采深度为537米,苏联目前最大开采深度为320米,正研究设计开采深度达1000米的超深露天矿。
First, an overview of open-pit mining, nearly 20 years has been a great development. According to the statistics in the early 1970s, the world’s mining industry has an annual output of about 10 billion tons of ore, of which two thirds are open pit mining. The proportion of open-air mining in the United States reaches 83%, that in the Soviet Union reaches 81% and that in Canada reaches over 70%. And the more developed countries such as Australia, Brazil and India are also using open-pit mining more and more. The depth of open pit mining is also growing. The Bingham copper mine in the United States has reached more than 800 meters. Canada’s Gaspe copper mine has a designed mining depth of 537 meters. The Soviet Union currently has a maximum mining depth of 320 meters and is studying the design of ultra-deep open-pit mines with a depth of 1,000 meters.