美国著名的环境史学家、丹佛大学约翰·埃文斯历史学杰出教授约翰逊·唐纳德·休斯在其所著《什么是环境史?》一书中将环境史研究的主题宽泛地划分为三大类:“(1)环境因素对人类历史的影响;(2)人类行为造成的环境变化,以及这些变化反过来在人类社会变化进程中引起回响并对之产生影响的多种方式;(3)人类的环境思想史,以及人类的各种态度借以激起影响环境之行为的方式。”~①目前,在关于环境史研究的成果中,它们的主题一般强调这些主题中的一个或两个,甚至涉及所有的这三个方面。在世界近代史领域里,如果一个研究者想要囊括所有的这三个方面,并且向读者清晰地描述环境如何塑造人类历史,以及人类的实践 The famous American environmental historian, distinguished professor of history of John Evans University of Denver, Johnson Donald Hughes in his book “What is environmental history?” A book will broadly divided the theme of environmental history research into three Classes: “(1) The impact of environmental factors on human history; (2) The environmental changes caused by human behavior and the ways in which these changes, in turn, evoke and affect the process of human social change; (3) ) The history of the human mindset of the environment and the ways in which humankind’s attitudes accentuate the behavior that affects the environment. ”① At present, in the outcome of the study of environmental history, their themes generally emphasize one or both of these themes One, and even all of these three aspects. In the field of modern history of the world, if a researcher wants to cover all three aspects, and to the reader a clear description of how the environment shapes human history, as well as human practice