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目的了解氨作业对工人身体健康的影响。方法对某石油炼制企业氨作业工人218人,非氨作业工人1741人的血常规、血压、心电图和血清ALT活性等职业健康检查结果进行统计学分析。结果男性工人中,氨作业工人的红细胞(RBC)及血小板(PLT)计数减少的检出率与非氨作业工人相比,差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.46,P<0.01;χ2=6.56,P<0.05),男性氨作业工人的血红蛋白(Hb)含量及RBC计数均值均低于非氨作业工人,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.46,P<0.05;t=-5.08,P<0.01)。男性和女性氨作业工人的PLT计数均值均低于非氨作业工人(t=-5.45、-6.12,P<0.01)。女性氨接触工人血清ALT活性均值高于非氨作业组工人(t=2.42,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析提示,氨接触是男性工人RBC计数和Hb含量降低的危险因素(OR=2.36,95%CI:1.56~3.56;OR=2.37,95%CI:1.07~5.23),是男女工人PLT降低的危险因素(OR=8.12,95%CI:2.02~32.69)。在女性工人中,氨接触是血清ALT升高的危险因素(OR=3.25,95%CI:1.04~10.21)。结论提示该企业在目前的生产条件下,部分氨作业工人的健康受到损害,故应重视低浓度氨接触对职业人群健康的危害。
Objective To understand the effects of ammonia on workers’ health. Methods The blood pressure, blood pressure, electrocardiogram and serum ALT activity in 218 oil workers and 1741 non-ammonia workers in a petroleum refinery were analyzed statistically. Results Compared with non-ammonia workers, the detection rate of erythrocyte (RBC) and platelet (PLT) count of ammonia workers in male workers was significantly different (χ2 = 17.46, P <0.01; χ2 = 6.56, (P <0.05). The mean Hb content and RBC count of male ammonia workers were lower than those of non-ammonia workers (t = -2.46, P <0.05; t = -5.08, P <0.01) ). The mean PLT counts for ammonia-exposed workers in both men and women were lower than those for non-ammonia workers (t = -5.45, -6.12, P <0.01). The serum ALT activity of female ammonia exposure workers was higher than that of non-ammonia workers (t = 2.42, P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ammonia exposure was a risk factor for lower RBC counts and Hb levels in male workers (OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.56-3.56; OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.07-5.23) PLT decreased risk factors (OR = 8.12, 95% CI: 2.02 ~ 32.69). Among female workers, ammonia exposure is a risk factor for elevated serum ALT (OR = 3.25, 95% CI: 1.04-10.21). The conclusions suggest that under the current production conditions, the health of some ammonia workers is impaired. Therefore, attention should be paid to the health hazards of low concentration ammonia exposure to occupational groups.