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[目的]明确甲维盐、高氯·甲维盐、哒螨灵、四螨·哒螨灵对蜜蜂的急性毒性,并评估这4种农药对海南中蜂(Apis cerana hainana)的风险性。[方法]在室内采用摄入法和触杀法测定4种农药对蜜蜂的急性经口和接触毒性,并通过危害商值(HQ)方法对4种农药做风险性评估。[结果]哒螨灵和四螨·哒螨灵对蜜蜂的急性经口毒性均为高毒,其他药剂均为剧毒;四螨·哒螨灵对蜜蜂的急性接触毒性为中毒,哒螨灵和高氯·甲维盐均为高毒,甲维盐为剧毒;哒螨灵和四螨·哒螨灵属于中等风险性,其他药剂均为高风险性。[结论]甲维盐和高氯·甲维盐应严禁在蜜源植物开花授粉期施用,哒螨灵和四螨·哒螨灵应慎重选择施用。为减少对蜜蜂的危害,建议施用时避开养蜂区和需要蜜蜂授粉的植物。
[Objective] To determine the acute toxicity of bezoar, chlorfenampetrine, pyridaben and tetranopyridazine to bees and to evaluate the risk of these four pesticides to Apis cerana hainana. [Method] The acute oral and contact toxicity of 4 kinds of pesticides to bees were determined by ingestion method and contact kill method indoors, and 4 kinds of pesticides were evaluated by hazard value (HQ) method. [Result] The acute oral toxicity of pyridaben and mites · pyridaben was highly toxic to bees, and the other agents were all highly toxic. The acute contact toxicity of mites and pyridaben to bees was poisoned. And high chlorine · A peacekeeping salt are highly toxic, A-dimensional salt is highly toxic; pyridaben and mites · pyridaben are moderate risk, other agents are high-risk. [Conclusion] It is strictly forbidden to apply the aztreonam and the high chlorine and carbaryl salts during the flowering and pollination of nectariferous plants. The use of pyridaben and mite · pyridaben should be carefully chosen. To reduce the hazard to bees, it is advisable to avoid beekeeping areas and plants that require bee pollination.