北宋募役法改革前存在众多特殊户役,包括陵户、庙户、柏子户、畦户、俸户、佃种官田户以及家有农师、医人的农户等。这些特殊户役具有免杂役差科、专门役或由中央派出机构管理等特征。就其性质而言,陵户、庙户、柏子户属于差役;畦户可归入差雇范畴;俸户、佃种官田户则为色役户;农师、医人属于州县役人。在宋代职役与夫役的赋役解释框架下,除畦夫外的特殊户役,都接近职役。北宋募役法改革前特殊户役的职役性质不仅体现出唐宋制度的连续性;同时,也提醒学术界需要重新检讨宋代役制。宋代职役结构中并非只有州县乡役人员,也包括具有职役性质的特殊户役。尽管乡官向乡役转变使宋代地方职役有所增加,但整体上看,北宋募役法改革前无论职役还是力役都呈回缩状态。宋代役制中差雇的含混与吏役的模糊,也需要学术界在宋代役制研究中不能拘泥于宋人的役制观,应该把握中国古代役制发展的总体趋势和方向,才能弄清楚宋代役制整体结构以及具体役属性。 Before the reform of the law of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were a large number of special household assignments including the Linghu, Temple, Bozi, Xun, Penshou, Duanzhongtu and households with farmers and doctors. These special residences feature such features as no-martyrdom division, specialized service or administration by the central sending agency. In terms of their nature, Ling households, temple households, and Bozi households belonged to the clergy; households could be classified as poor employees; and households with tenants and tenants were laborers, while farm leaders and doctors belonged to prefectures and prefectures. Under the framework of the corpus accounts of the government servants and the widowers in the Song Dynasty, special military appointments other than widowers were all close to the official positions. The nature of the military service of special residence before the reform of the law of recruitment of the Northern Song Dynasty not only reflected the continuity of the Tang and Song Dynasties systems, but also reminded the academic community that the system of the Song Dynasty should be re-examined. In the Song dynasty, there were not only state and township officials in the structure of the clergy, but also special dwelling houses with the nature of military employment. Although the change of township officials to the township government increased the number of local government officials in the Song Dynasty, on the whole, no change was found in the employment or government service before the reform of the recruitment law in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is also necessary for academics not to rigidly adhere to Song’s view of the system of service in the study of the system of labor in the Song Dynasty. It is necessary to grasp the general trend and direction of the development of the system of ancient Chinese service in order to clarify The overall structure and specific military properties of the Song Dynasty.