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目的：探讨临床对早期低位直肠癌患者实施经肛门扩大全层切除术治疗的可行性。方法选取2012年5月至2014年5月到我院治疗的早期低位直肠癌患者共72例，随机将患者等分成两组，对照组选择传统手术施治，观察组选择经肛门扩大全层切除术施治，研究两组的手术效果。结果相比对照组，观察组的手术用时更短，手术出血量更少，术后胃肠功能恢复时间和住院时间更短，合并症发生率更低，有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术后3年生存率的比较，观察组是94.44%，对照组是91.67%，两组对比相仿（P＞0.05）。结论对早期低位直肠癌患者实施经肛门扩大全层切除术进行治疗，手术效果佳，而且远期生存率理想，值得普及应用。“,”Objective: to study the clinical for low rectal cancer patients with early anal ful-thickness resection is the feasibility of the treatment. Selection methods: in May 2012 to May 2014 to the hospital treatment. Results: compared with the control group and observation group operation is shorter and less surgical blood loss, postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery time and shorter hospitalization time and lower incidence of complications, was statisticaly significant (P 0.05). Conclusion:for patients with low rectal cancer early anal ful-thickness resection treatment, good operation effect, and long-term surial ideal, is worth to popularize and apply.