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Background:It is not clear whether the benefits oftracheostomy remain the same in the population.This study aimed to better examine the effect of tracheostomy on clinical outcome among prolonged ventilator patients.Methods:Data were from the medical claims data in Taiwan.A total of 3880 patients with ventilator use for more than 14 days between 2005 and 2009 were identified.Among them,645 patients with tracheostomy conducted within 30 days of ventilator use were compared to 2715 patients without tracheostomy on death during hospitalization and study period,and successful weaning and medical utilization during hospitalization.Cox proportional hazards and linear regression models were used to examine the associations between tracheostomy and the main outcomes.Results:The tracheostomy rate was 30％,and 55％ of tracheostomies were performed within 30 days of mechanical ventilation.After adjustments,patients with tracheostomy were at a lower risk of death during hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR] =0.51;95％ confidence interval [CI] =0.43-0.61) and 5-year observation (HR =0.73;95％ CI =0.66-0.81),and a lower probability of successful weaning (HR =0.88;95％ CI =0.79-0.99).Higher medical use was also observed in patients with tracheostomy.Conclusions:The beneficial effect for tracheostomy observed in our data was the reduction of death.However,patients with tracheostomy were less likely to wean and more likely to consume medical resources.