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本文报道了我国小麦条锈菌生理小种鉴定协作组1975—1984年鉴定的9254个标样的结果,对发现的条中21—28号等小种进行了广泛研究,反映了我国小麦条锈菌的发展、变化及其与品种布局的关系,七十年代初的优势小种条中17号和18号急骤下降,出现频率分别由1975年的43.37%和20.78%下降到1977年的7.66和1.81%,而19号小种群则由1975年的15.06%上升到81.05%。进一步研究后将19号小种群中在鉴别寄主Trigo Eureka,丹麦1号,维尔和南大2419上有稳定的致病力差异的类型分别定名为条中23号、24号、25号和26号。其中25号于1981年在全国范围内上升为优势小种,1981—1984年出现频率达31.25—44.21%,其次是23号(12.48—27.58)和26号(5.84—24.64%)。新近发现的条中28号对当前作为抗原利用最广泛的洛夫林10等“洛类”品种有很强的致病力,是当前抗病育种的主要目标。本文还总结了我国小麦条锈菌传播,扩展的规律。这些对进一步提高我国小麦条锈病的研究和防治水平有重要意义。
This paper reports the results of 9254 standard samples identified from 1975 to 1984 by the identification panel of wheat stripe rust race of wheat in China. The minor races of 21-28 found in the article were extensively studied, which reflected the stripe rust of wheat stripe rust The development and change of the bacteria and their relationship with the variety distribution led to the rapid decline of the 17th and 18th preeminence germplasms in the early 1970s. The frequency of occurrence decreased from 43.37% and 20.78% in 1975 to 7.66 and 1977 respectively 1.81%, while the 19th small population increased from 15.06% in 1975 to 81.05%. After further study, the types of stable pathogenicity in the minor population of Trigo Eureka, Denmark 1, Vail and Nanda 2419 in small population No. 19 were designated as Nos. 23, 24, 25 and 26, respectively. Among them, No. 25 rose to the dominant race in China in 1981, with a frequency of 31.25-44.21% in 1981-1984, followed by No.23 (12.48-27.58) and No.26 (5.84-24.64%). The newly discovered article No. 28 has strong virulence to the current “Lo” category, which is currently the most widely used antigen as Lovrin 10, and is the main objective of current disease-resistant breeding. This article also summarizes the spread and expansion of wheat stripe rust in China. These are of great significance to further improve the research and prevention and cure of wheat stripe rust in our country.