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加拿大原子能有限公司(AECL)近来向政府、科学家们和公众介绍了在加拿大地盾地质环境中处置核燃料废物的构想。涉及到的重要部分就是拱顶洞室处置的地球化学环境,包括岩石与地下水的成分,岩石、地下水和埋置的拱顶洞室材料之间的地球化学反应,拱顶洞室关闭后人为活动和微生物活动的影响及程度。概括了处置原理,探讨了地球化学环境的有关问题。在加拿大地盾的拱顶洞室深处(500～1000m),出现含盐地下水和还原环境,这对废核燃料及其容器、缓冲层和回填料有着重要影响。以 AECL 的地质研究区及其在曼尼托巴东南部地下研究室为例,描述了场址调查、拱顶洞室开凿、运行及密封过程中引入人为污染物和微生物的可能性。
Canadian Atomic Energy Corporation (AECL) recently briefed governments, scientists and the general public on the concept of disposing of nuclear fuel wastes in the geologic setting of the Canadian Shield. The important part involved is the geochemical environment handled by the vault cavern, including the composition of rock and groundwater, geochemical reactions between rocks, groundwater and buried vault cavernous material, Effects and extent of activities and microbial activities. Summarized the disposal principle, discussed the geochemical environment related issues. Salt groundwater and reducing environments occur deep within the vault cavern in Canada’s Shield (500-1000 m), which has a significant impact on spent nuclear fuel and its containers, buffer and backfill. Taking the AECL’s Geological Research Area and its underground laboratory in southeastern Manitoba as an example, it describes the possibility of introducing man-made contaminants and microorganisms in site investigations, caving, operation and sealing of vault caverns.