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关于比较优势和政府作用的片面理解,将对产业竞争力的塑造和国家政策的制定形成危险的错误导向。针对比较优势理论在解释产业竞争力的源泉上依然具有的巨大效力和科学性,中国政府应谨慎防范用产业政策和技术政策去人为创造竞争优势的“竞争优势陷阱”。正是通过中国激光视盘播放机工业发展经验的分析证明,技术相对落后国家的企业要在开放市场条件下获得竞争优势,特别需要充分利用自己现阶段存在于自然资源和劳动力方面的比较优势。中国DVD工业目前被征收专利费的处境,更清楚地说明,即使是新科等领头企业目前也还不能定义自己的核心竞争力为技术能力和产品创新,而要进一步通过比较优势打造竞争优势。创造一个自由、开放和充分竞争的环境,让遵循客观规律的企业获得强大的自生能力,是各国政府的首要作用。
A one-sided understanding of the comparative advantages and the role of government will create a dangerous misguided guidance on the shaping of industrial competitiveness and the formulation of national policies. In view of the tremendous effectiveness and scientific nature of comparative advantage theory in explaining the source of industrial competitiveness, the Chinese government should carefully guard against the “competitive advantage trap” of artificially creating competitive advantages with industrial policies and technical policies. It is through the analysis of the experience of industrial development of laser disc players in China that the enterprises with relatively backward technology in the country have to gain a competitive advantage under the conditions of an open market. In particular, they need to make full use of their comparative advantages existing in natural resources and workforce at this stage. The current situation in which the DVD industry in China is imposing patent fees more clearly shows that even leading companies such as Shinco currently can not define their core competencies as technological capabilities and product innovation, they should further build competitive advantage through comparative advantages. It is the primary role of all governments to create a free, open and fully competitive environment so that companies that follow objective laws gain strong viability.