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目的了解广西近年麻疹流行情况,为2012年前消除麻疹制定有效的措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,分析广西2005-2009年麻疹监测资料。数据采用Excel 2007软件,率的比较采用卡方检验,P<0.05差异有统计学意义。结果 2005-2009年广西平均麻疹发病率为1.96/10万(2005年3.45/10万、2009年0.23/10万)。历年的发病高峰主要出现在上半年,分别在每年的2月上旬至5月中旬之间。2005-2008年间每年全自治区77.98%的县(市、区)有病例报告,2009年则为40.37%,发病率大于5/10万的地区主要为市辖区和山区两种类型的县区。病例男女之比为1∶0.67;发病以低年龄组为主,2005-2009年1~14岁儿童麻疹发病数占总病例数82.30%,其中8月龄至7岁儿童的比例为54.96%。流动人口的病例占总病例数比例较高,为24.78%。麻疹病例的疫苗免疫1剂次为19.6%,2剂次以上占5.3%,未免疫者占41.5%,免疫史不详占33.6%,其中8~11月龄婴儿病例未免疫者2006年以来每年均在71.4%以上;1~3岁儿童病例未免疫者平均为43.2%。结论广西2005-2009年间麻疹发病率呈下降趋势,病例主要见于城郊结合部和山区,发病仍以低年龄儿童为主,同时流动人口的病例占比较大的比重,提示城郊结合部和山区是广西控制麻疹的重点地区,应加强对该地区免疫规划目标人群的麻疹疫苗接种,进一步提高8月龄儿童初始免疫的及时性和接种率以及2剂次MV常规免疫接种率。同时,加强流动儿童中目标人群的免疫规划管理,切实提高接种率。
Objective To understand the epidemic situation of measles in recent years in Guangxi and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of effective measures to eliminate measles by 2012. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze measles surveillance data from 2005 to 2009 in Guangxi. Data using Excel 2007 software, the rate of use of chi-square test, P <0.05 difference was statistically significant. Results The average incidence of measles in Guangxi from 2005 to 2009 was 1.96 / 100,000 (3.45 / 100,000 in 2005 and 0.23 / 100,000 in 2009). The peak incidence over the years mainly in the first half, respectively, in early February to mid-May each year. From 2005 to 2008, 77.98% of the counties (cities and districts) in the autonomous region each year reported cases, up from 40.37% in 2009 and those with incidences greater than 5 / 100,000 were mainly urban districts and mountainous counties. The ratio of male to female was 1: 0.67. The incidence was mainly in the lower age group. The incidence of measles in children aged from 1 to 14 years from 2005 to 2009 was 82.30%. Among them, the proportion of children aged from 8 months to 7 years was 54.96%. The proportion of floating population in the total number of cases was high, 24.78%. Vaccination against measles cases was 19.6% for 1 dose, 5.3% for 2 doses or more, 41.5% for uni immunization, 33.6% for unknown history of immunization, and 8 to 11 months of infants were non-immunized each year since 2006 Over 71.4%. The average number of non-immunized children aged 1-3 years old was 43.2%. Conclusion The incidence of measles decreased from 2005 to 2009 in Guangxi. The incidence of measles in Guangxi was mainly found in the outskirts of the suburbs and in the mountainous areas. The prevalence of measles was still mainly in the low-age children. At the same time, the proportion of floating population accounted for a large proportion, suggesting that the suburbs and Guangxi In the key areas for measles control, measles vaccination should be strengthened for the target population of immunization programs in the region to further improve the timeliness and inoculation rate of initial immunization of 8-month-old children and the 2-dose MV routine immunization rate. At the same time, we should strengthen the immunization program management of the target population in mobile children and effectively increase the vaccination rate.