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自然文化遗产旅游是我国许多中西部地区地方经济发展的支柱产业。在经济学意义上,自然文化遗产实为一种特殊的稀缺资源,其市场机制的旅游开发不仅要追求效率标准,还要符合遗产保护及可持续发展的目标。规制是政府等公共机构的强制力对市场机制的替代,目的是为了解决市场机制的“失灵”。我国现有的遗产规制体制诞生于上世纪计划经济时代,具有条块多头管理、政府垄断经营、规制实际缺位等特点。这样的体制已成为实践中遗产不当开发、破坏开发的根源。遗产可持续发展需要建立现代规制体制。
Natural and Cultural Heritage Tourism is a pillar industry in the development of local economy in many central and western regions of China. In the economic sense, the natural and cultural heritage is actually a special scarce resource. The tourism development of its market mechanism not only pursues efficiency standards, but also meets the objectives of heritage protection and sustainable development. Regulation is a substitute for the market mechanism by the compulsion of public institutions such as the government, in order to solve the “failure” of the market mechanism. The existing system of inheritance regulation in our country was born in the era of planned economy in the last century. It has the characteristics of long management of blocks, monopolistic management of the government and absence of regulation. Such a system has become the root cause of improper development of heritage and undermining development in practice. The sustainable development of heritage needs to establish a modern regulatory system.