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结核病是全球重要的传染性疾病之一,在全球范围内保持着较高的发病率和死亡率。卡介苗是目前临床上唯一应用的结核疫苗,虽然对儿童有较好的保护作用,但对成人的免疫保护效果并不明显。研发新的结核疫苗对于结核病的防控具有重要的意义。由于结核病的致病菌结核分枝杆菌主要通过呼吸道传播,机体的黏膜成为抵御结核分枝杆菌的第一道防线。设计稳定高效的抗结核黏膜免疫疫苗是目前结核疫苗研究的新方向之一。选择合适的黏膜免疫途径、佐剂及抗原递送系统是黏膜疫苗研发成功的关键。本文对抗结核分枝杆菌的黏膜免疫应答作简短的概述,并重点阐明黏膜免疫在结核疫苗研发中的研究进展。
Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world and maintains a high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only clinical application of tuberculosis vaccine. Although it has a good protective effect on children, the immunoprotective effect on adults is not obvious. The development of a new TB vaccine is of great significance for the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the first line of defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmitted mainly through the respiratory tract. Designing a stable and efficient anti-TB mucosal immunization vaccine is one of the new directions in the research of TB vaccine. Select the appropriate mucosal immune pathways, adjuvants and antigen delivery system is the key to successful mucosal vaccine research and development. This article gives a brief overview of the mucosal immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and focuses on elucidating the advances in mucosal immunity in the development of tuberculosis vaccines.