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新中国成立后,中国司法体制建设主要经历了新中国建国初期的初步建立阶段、动荡时期的严重退步阶段、改革开放时期的逐渐恢复阶段以及司法改革时期四个阶段。从审判机构的纵向设置上来看,中国审判体制包括最高人民法院、地方各级人民法院和专门法院。从检察机构的纵向设置上来看,中国检察体制同样也包括最高人民检察院、地方各级人民检察院和军事检察院等专门人民检察院。另外,就检察机构的内部横向设置来看,中国各级人民检察院针对不同工作职能,在内部设立了不同的部门,不同的职能部门分管不同的工作要求。
After the founding of New China, China’s judicial system mainly experienced the initial establishment of the People’s Republic of China during the early days of the founding of New China, the serious step-by-step recovery from the turbulent period, the gradual restoration of the period of reform and opening up, and the four stages of judicial reform. Judging from the vertical setup of judicial institutions, China’s trial system includes the Supreme People’s Court, local people’s courts at various levels and specialized courts. Judging from the vertical arrangement of procuratorates, the Chinese procuratorial system also includes the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the local people’s procuratorates at various levels and the special procuratorates such as the Military Procuratorate. In addition, as far as the internal horizontal arrangement of the procuratorial organs is concerned, the people’s procuratorates at all levels in China set up different departments for different work functions and different functional departments are in charge of different work requirements.