目的通过前瞻性研究方法,调查滨州医学院附属医院NICU出院患儿4月龄母乳喂养现状及影响因素,指导加强母乳喂养措施,促进母婴健康。方法 1)分别选取629例NICU出院患儿为实验组和638例正常产科出院婴儿为对照组;2)收集可能影响婴儿母乳喂养的13个变量,采用单因素方差分析、χ2检验及多因素Logistic回归分析婴儿4月龄母乳喂养影响因素。结果经Logistic回归分析,有统计学意义的影响因素为出生胎龄(OR=0.848,P=0.000),出生体重(OR=0.394,P=0.000),住院费用(OR=3.100,P=0.000),住院天数(OR=1.245,P=0.000),是否维持泌乳指导(OR=0.054,P=0.000)。结论低出生胎龄,低出生体重,住院费用,住院天数,未进行维持泌乳指导是影响母乳喂养的高危因素,应引起医护人员及婴儿家长的重视。 Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of 4-month-old breastfeeding of NICU discharged from NICU Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College through prospective research methods, and to guide the measures to strengthen breastfeeding and promote the health of mothers and infants. Methods 1) 629 NICU discharged patients were selected as experimental group and 638 normal discharged obstetric patients as control group; 2) Thirteen variables that may affect infant breastfeeding were collected. One-way ANOVA, χ2 test and multivariate Logistic Regression analysis of infant 4 months age breastfeeding influencing factors. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that the statistically significant influencing factors were birth weight (OR = 0.848, P = 0.000), birth weight (OR = 0.394, P = 0.000) , Hospital stay (OR = 1.245, P = 0.000), and lactation guidance (OR = 0.054, P = 0.000). Conclusions The low birth weight, low birth weight, hospitalization cost, length of hospital stay and failure to maintain lactation are the risk factors that affect breastfeeding, which should be paid more attention to by medical staff and parents of infants.