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目的观察早产儿出院后配方奶对具有营养不良高危因素的早产儿出院后喂养的效果。方法采用前瞻性研究,以2005年九省市中国儿童生长标准为对照,对具有营养不良高危因素的100例早产儿出院后采用早产儿出院后配方奶喂养,定期进行生长发育检测,当生长参数(头围、身高、体重)均达到相当月龄生长曲线第25百分位者即转换婴儿配方奶或者母乳,探索喂养时间的长短。矫正年龄1岁时,以头围、身高、体重作为评判指标,将生长指标≤P10(生长曲线第10百分位)定义为宫外生长发育迟缓,分别记录其发生率;应用贝利婴幼儿发展量表评估其智力发展指数与运动发展指数。结果本组病例中无退出病例,最短的喂养时间为4个月即转换奶粉,最长的喂养时间是12个月才转换奶粉,大部分为喂养7～11个月即转换奶粉,其中以喂养10月转换奶粉者为最多,为32例。矫正年龄1岁时以头围、身高、体重作为评判指标,宫外生长发育迟缓分别为3%、2%、2%,智力发展指数平均为(92.26±9.84),运动发展指数为(90.04±8.84)。结论早产儿出院后配方奶对具有营养不良高危因素的早产儿出院后喂养的效果较好,大部分喂养7～11个月即能够帮助其实现追赶性生长,矫正年龄1岁体格发育与神经系统发育大致正常。
Objective To observe the effects of formula milk in preterm infants discharged from hospital on preterm infants with high risk of malnutrition. Methods A prospective study was conducted to compare the Chinese children’s growth standards in nine provinces and cities in 2005. 100 preterm infants with high risk factors for malnutrition were discharged from the hospital after discharge. The preterm infants were fed with formula milk and the growth and development were tested regularly. When the growth parameters (Head circumference, height, weight) reached the equivalent of the 25th percentile of the growth curve of the month, that is, converted infant formula or breast milk to explore the feeding time. Correction of age 1 year old, head circumference, height, weight as a judge, the growth index ≤ P10 (growth curve 10th percentile) is defined as extrauterine growth retardation, were recorded incidence; application of Bailey infants Development Scale to assess its intellectual development index and sports development index. Results The patients did not exit the case, the shortest feeding time is 4 months that the conversion of milk powder, the longest feeding time is 12 months before the conversion of milk powder, most of the feeding 7 to 11 months that the conversion of milk powder, of which feeding Converted in October were up to 32 cases. The head circumference, height and weight were taken as the evaluation indexes when the correctional age was 1 year old. The growth retardation rate of extrauterine growth was 3%, 2% and 2% respectively. The mean value of mental development index was (92.26 ± 9.84) and the index of motor development was (90.04 ± 8.84). Conclusion Preterm discharge of formula milk in preterm infants with high risk factors for malnutrition is better after discharge from the hospital, most of the feeding 7 to 11 months to help achieve its catch-up growth, correction of age 1 year of physical development and the nervous system Development is generally normal.