蔡元培于1998年底接受绍郡中西学堂督办徐树兰之邀,担任该校总理,一年后,又因与学堂部分教习及督办徐树兰本人发生冲突,终至离职出走。对此,以往均从新旧冲突的角度进行解释。本文在史料发掘和辨析的基础上,对蔡元培主持校务时的作为及造成冲突的原因作了较为全面深入的分析,提出了一种合乎事实的新的解释。 At the end of 1998, Cai Yuanpei was invited by Shuxian Chinese and Western Disciples to supervise Xu Shulan as the premier of the university. After one year, Cai Yuanpei finally left his position to leave because of conflicts with some of the school’s teaching and supervision of Xu Shulan himself. In this regard, in the past are from the perspective of conflict between new and old to explain. Based on the excavation and analysis of the historical data, this article analyzes the acts of Cai Yuanpei when he presided over the school affairs and the causes of the conflicts, and puts forward a new explanation which is factual.