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知识产权竞争加剧容易滋生专利蟑螂。在专利拥有量急剧增长、专利保护日益增强的中国是否存在专利蟑螂值得关注。本文对中国可能已经存在的本土专利蟑螂的盈利机制、诉讼模式与行为特征展开分析,从理论层面阐明此类诉讼模式集中表现为发起多次诉讼,且每次索要较低赔偿以累积诉讼收益,进而基于2000—2014年中国专利民事一审诉讼案件数据进行实证检验。研究表明,中国可能存在的本土专利蟑螂所发起的诉讼主要集中在传统制造行业,具有多次发起、低赔偿额、低诉讼摩擦性、高胜诉比率等基本特征。上述结论与美国的经验证据存在鲜明反差,这与中国被诉主体专利意识薄弱、产业成熟度不足以及国家专利侵权惩罚力度较低紧密相关。本文认为,专利蟑螂的中国衍生模式客观上有利于打击专利侵权行为,但多次发起的“小”专利诉讼降低了国家专利制度和司法保护的运行效率。对此,本文提出,在辨明本土专利蟑螂诉讼模式和作用的基础上,应该高度警惕本土专利蟑螂对专利制度可能造成的损害,在专利维权和司法资源过度使用之间寻找有效平衡,构建更趋全面、高效的知识产权保护体系。
Increased competition for intellectual property makes it easy to breed patent cockroaches. It is noteworthy that the existence of patent cockroaches in China, with the rapid increase in patent ownership and the increasing patent protection. This paper analyzes the profit mechanism, lawsuit pattern and behavior characteristics of Chinese patent cockroaches, which may already exist in China. From the theoretical level, this paper argues that such lawsuit patterns mainly focus on initiating multiple litigation and claiming lower damages each time to accumulate litigation proceeds, And then based on 2000-2014 China’s patent litigation case data for empirical tests. The research shows that the lawsuits initiated by Chinese patent-pending cockroaches are mainly concentrated in the traditional manufacturing industries, with the basic features of multiple launches, low compensation, low litigation friction, and high odds of winning. This conclusion is in stark contrast to the empirical evidence in the United States. This is closely related to the fact that the accused subject in China has a weak sense of patent awareness, insufficient industrial maturity and a low level of punishment for patent infringement by the state. This paper argues that the Chinese derived model of patent cockroaches objectively helps to crack down on patent infringement activities, but the “small” patent litigation launched many times reduces the operational efficiency of national patent system and judicial protection. In this regard, this paper proposes that on the basis of identifying the patent suit and the role of the patent cockroaches, we should be highly vigilant against possible damage to the patent system caused by the native patent cockroaches and find an effective balance between the patent rights protection and excessive use of judicial resources, Comprehensive and efficient intellectual property protection system.