镉为一常见的工业毒物和环境污染物,长期低剂量暴露使休内镉负荷逐渐增加并可引起慢性中毒性肾损害。近年来镉中毒早期检测和诊断的研究取得了长足进展,本文对反映机体镉负荷与镉中毒性肾损害的生物学指标进行综合评价以供实际应用时参考。一、血镉Lauwerys等对镉作业工人的调查表明暴露4个月血镉水平即达到动态平衡,其后的变化主要反映近期暴露量。研究表明,无论是急性大剂量还是长期低剂量暴露,血浆和红细胞中镉主要以金属硫蛋白结 Cadmium is a common industrial poison and environmental pollutants, long-term low-dose exposure so that the cadmium load gradually increased and can cause chronic toxic kidney damage. In recent years, the early detection and diagnosis of cadmium poisoning has made considerable progress. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of biological indicators that reflect the cadmium load and cadmium poisoning renal damage for practical reference. First, blood cadmium Lauwerys and other cadmium workers survey showed that exposure to plasma cadmium levels of 4 months to achieve a dynamic balance, the subsequent changes mainly reflect the recent exposure. Studies have shown that both acute and high doses of long-term low-dose exposure, plasma and erythrocyte cadmium mainly metallothionein junction