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目的探讨对早产儿实施早期综合干预对其早期发育的影响。方法选择2007年在本院新生儿科住院的早产儿为观察组,2006年出生的早产儿为对照组。观察组给予认知、语言、情感、交往能力、抚触、被动体操、主动运动训练和营养支持等综合干预,对照组只接受婴幼儿系统管理体检。两组均定期进行生长发育、智能发育的监测评估。结果两组各72例早产儿,观察组1岁、2岁时身长、体重、头围的均值均高于对照组(P均<0.05)。观察组6个月、1岁和2岁时缺铁性贫血的患病率均低于对照组(P均<0.05)。观察组6个月前出现早期异常神经征象的发生率2.8%,低于对照组的11.1%(x~2=3.87,P<0.05)。观察组2岁时神经系统后遗症发生率1.4%,低于对照组的9.7%(x~2=4.76,P<0.01)。观察组1岁和2岁时智力发育指数和运动发育指数均明显高于对照组(P均<0.01)。结论早期综合干预可促进早产儿体格发育和智能发育,能有效降低神经系统后遗症的发生率和缺铁性贫血的患病率。
Objective To investigate the effect of early comprehensive intervention on the early development of premature infants. Methods Preterm infants admitted to our department of neonatology in our hospital in 2007 were selected as observation group. Preterm infants born in 2006 as control group. The observation group was given comprehensive interventions such as cognition, language, emotion, communication skills, touching, passive gymnastics, active exercise training and nutritional support, while the control group only received physical examination of infant and child system management. Both groups were regular monitoring of growth and development, intelligent development and evaluation. Results The average body length, body weight and head circumference of 72 preterm infants and 1 year old observation group were higher than those of the control group (P <0.05). The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in the observation group at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years was lower than that in the control group (all P <0.05). The incidence of early abnormal neurological signs in the observation group was 2.8% 6 months earlier, lower than 11.1% in the control group (x 2 = 3.87, P <0.05). The incidence of neurological sequelae in the observation group at 2 years was 1.4%, which was lower than that in the control group (9.7%, x ~ 2 = 4.76, P <0.01). The intelligence development index and motor development index in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group at 1 year old and 2 years old (all P <0.01). Conclusion Early comprehensive intervention can promote physical development and intellectual development of premature infants, and can effectively reduce the incidence of nervous system sequelae and the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia.